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| Term | Definition |
| AQP | Advanced Quality Plan or Association for Quality and Participation |
| Arrow Diagram | Another term for a PERT or CPM chart. It is a graphic description of the sequential steps that must be completed before a project can be completed |
| As Is Process | A description of the current flow of a process, including subprocesses and activities, showing how products and services are created |
| AS-IS Model | A model that represents the current stage of the organization modeled, without any specific improvements included |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| ASQ | A society of individual and organizational members dedicated to the ongoing development, advancement, and promotion of quality concepts, principles, and technologies. The Society serves more than 130,000 individuals and 1000 corporate members in the United States and 63 other countries |
| Assertion | A logical expression specifying a program state that must exist or a set of conditions that program variables must satisfy at a particular point during program execution |
| Assertion checking | Checking of user-embedded statements that assert relationships between elements of a program. An assertion is a logical expression that specifies a condition or relation among program variables. Tools that test the validity of assertions as the program is executing or tools that perform formal verification of assertions have this feature |
| Assessment | An evaluation process including a document review, an on-site audit and an analysis and report. Customers may also include a self-assessment, internal audit results and other materials in the assessment |
| Assignable Cause | A source of variation which is non-random; a change in the source ("VITAL FEW" variables) will produce a significant change of some magnitude in the response (dependent variable), e.g., a correlation exists; the change may be due to an intermittent in-phase effect or a constant cause system which may or may not be highly predictable; an assignable cause is often signaled by an excessive number of data points outside a control limit and/or a non-random pattern within the control limits; an unnatural source of variation; most often economical to eliminate |
| Assignable Variations | Variations in data which can be attributed to specific causes |
| ASTD | American Society for Training and Development |
| ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| Attribute | A characteristic that may take on only one value, e.g. 0 or 1 |
| Attribute data | Go/no-go information. The control charts based on attribute data include percent chart, number of affected units chart, count chart, count-per-unit chart, quality score chart, and demerit chart / Or / Numerical information at the nominal level; subdivision is not conceptually meaningful; data which represents the frequency of occurrence within some discrete category, e.g., 42 solder shorts / Or / Product, process , or component data that is qualitative, rather than quantitative in nature. 2. Product, process , or component data that is measured strictly by either conforming or not |
| Audit | A periodic inspection to ensure that a process is conforming to its specifications / Or / An independent review conducted to compare some aspect of quality performance with a standard for that performance. (Juran, Quality Control Handbook) / Or / An independent examination of a work product or set of work products to assess compliance with specifications, standards, contractual agreements, or other criteria. (2) (ANSI) To conduct an independent review and examination of system records and activities in order to test the adequacy and effectiveness of data security and data integrity procedures, to ensure compliance with established policy and operational procedures, and to recommend any necessary changes |
| Availability | The ability of a product to be in a state to perform its designated function under stated conditions at a given time. Availability can be expressed by the ratio: uptime divided by (uptime + downtime) being when the product is operative (in active use and in standby state) and downtime being when the product is inoperative time (while under repair, awaiting spare parts, and so on) |
| Average chart | A control chart in which the subgroup average, X-bar, is used to evaluate the stability of the process level |
| Average outgoing quality (AOQ) | The expected average quality level of outgoing product for a given value of incoming product quality |
| Average Outgoing Quality Limit (AOQL) | The maximum average outgoing quality over all possible levels of incoming quality for a given acceptance sampling plan and disposal specification |
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Glossary